Cushing syndrome

Cushing syndrome happens when the body has too much of the hormone cortisol for a long time. This can result from the body making too much cortisol, or from taking medicines called glucocorticoids, which affect the body the same way as cortisol.

Too much cortisol can cause some of the main symptoms of Cushing syndrome — a fatty hump between the shoulders, a rounded face, and pink or purple stretch marks on the skin. Cushing syndrome also can cause high blood pressure or bone loss. Sometimes, it can cause type 2 diabetes.

Treatments for Cushing syndrome can lower the body's cortisol levels and improve symptoms. The sooner treatment starts, the better the chances for recovery.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Cushing syndrome can vary depending on the level of extra cortisol.

Common symptoms of Cushing syndrome

Weight gain in the trunk, with thin arms and legs.
Weight gain in the face. This is sometimes called moon face.
A fatty lump between the shoulders. This may be referred to as a buffalo hump.
Pink or purple stretch marks on the stomach, hips, thighs, breasts and underarms.
Thin, frail skin that bruises easily.
Slow wound healing.
Acne.

Symptoms women with Cushing syndrome may experience

Thick, dark hair on the face and body. This condition is called hirsutism.
Periods that are irregular or that stop.

Symptoms men with Cushing syndrome may experience

Lower sex drive.
Reduced fertility.
Problems getting an erection.

Other possible symptoms of Cushing syndrome

Extreme tiredness.
Muscle weakness.
Depression, anxiety and irritability.
Emotions that are hard to control.
Trouble concentrating or remembering.
Sleeplessness.
High blood pressure.
Headache.
Infections.
Skin darkening.
Bone loss, which can lead to broken bones.
Stunted growth in children.

When to see a doctor

Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of Cushing syndrome, especially if you're taking glucocorticoid medicine to treat a health issue such as asthma, arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease.